The Archdiocese of Cuttack-Bhubaneshwar comprises the civil districts of Cuttack, Phulbani (Kandhamal) and Puri in the state of Orissa.

The Diocese of Cuttack was part of the Diocese of Visakhapatnam since 1845. In 1922, the Spanish Vincentian Fathers came to Orissa. In 1928, Pope Pius XI declared the mission of Cuttack "sui juris".

In 1937 the mission was created into a Diocese and was made suffragan of Ranchi. On January 24, 1974, it became a Metropolitan See and Most Rev. Henry D'Souza was appointed the first Archbishop of Cuttack - Bhubaneshwar. A part of the former Cuttack diocese was erected into the Diocese of Berhampur. In April 1985 Archbishop Henry D'Souza was transferred to the Archdiocese of Calcutta. On August 11, 1985, Bp Raphael Cheenath, svd, of the Diocese of Sambalpur succeeded him as Archbishop.